Marx believed that material goods were the root of the social world and that social life is fundamentally about conflict over food, land, money, and other material goods. The ideal government for Marx would be a communist state where resources are equally shared Marxists argue that the proletariat are persuaded to accept this situation through a combination of coercion and ideology (the latter causing false class consciousness). Marx was a communist and believed that the proletariat should have a revolution and overthrow capitalism. While most Marxists share that view, some (particular neo-Marxists) share the critique of capitalism and the analysis of Marxism Marxist criticism is inherently existentialist. One cannot know anything without having been exposed to it as some sort of life experience. There is no knowledge a priori, as some of the ancient philosophers would have us believe. Rather, knowledge is accumulated a posteriori, through actual experience
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READ PAPER. It is a fusion of German philosophy, mainly essay on marxism dialectics of Hegel, essay on marxism, French socialism, essay on marxism, and British political economy. This combination makes Marxism unique among other philosophies in history. The fusion itself did not happen quickly out in a thin air. It is revolutionary because it is dialectic, and was born out of his involvement of the class struggles happening at that time in Europe.
Karl Marx was born in May 5th,into a middle class Jewish family in Trier, Germany. His father, a respectable lawyer, later converted to Christianity for security reasons, essay on marxism. At 17, Marx enrolled in the University of Bonn to study law. There he met his future wife Jenny Von Westphalen, whose father had interested him in romantic literature and in the utopian socialism of Saint-Simon.
The next year, his father sent him to the University of Berlin. He abandoned his pursuit on romantic poetry and began focusing on the philosophy of G. Hegel, the most influential thinker in Berlin at that time. Marx became involved with the intellectuals who called themselves the Young Hegelians.
The Hegelians were not a unified group but composed of two essay on marxism tendencies, the Left and Right Hegelians, essay on marxism. As a process of two contradictory elements in a union, the dialectics essay on marxism, also viewed as the unity of the opposites. Hegel suggested that history is a contradictory progression of ideas passing through different stages, which would finally arrive at the truth, or the Absolute Idea.
The Absolute Idea is his other word for God. To put the dialectics back on its feet, Marx argued that to understand the real driving force of history, one has to look critically at society, the world, nature, and the universe. By using the scientific method, critical analysis will lead to better understanding of the world. According to Marx, humans, in their drive for survival have to meet their basic needs first before everything else, before they could practice religion, politics, culture, and etc…To meet their material needs is to produce.
Thus, production is the driving force of history. Without capitalism, there would have been no Marxism. Capitalism was born in Europe in the 18th and 19th century out of the revolutionary struggles of the new emerging class, essay on marxism bourgeoisie. Before their rise, the Church dominated politics, economics, and religion, ruling the continent by feudalism. Under feudalism, production was labored by the peasants ruled by the landlords and the clergy.
However, in a few centuries in what historians call the Medieval Period, a class of small merchants had laid out the networks of the rising economy called mercantilism.
They were considered as social outcasts by the landlords who held the Catholic moral or prejudicebelieving that getting rich by selling or lending money with interest was very sinful. The aristocrats, however, were too proud to admit their appreciation of the goods delivered from afar by the merchants.
The growth of small market economies gave accidental results along the process, like technological advances, for example. Their trading centers grew from small towns into big medieval cities called burghs, where the French word, essay on marxism, bourgeois or city dweller came from. Essay on marxism, did not have total ideological control over society that it ruled. The Church itself was shook by schisms and the movement called Protestantism led by Martin Luther.
They finally found a kind of Christianity that suited well with their economic interest. The highly cultural period called the Renaissance, also, gave encouragement to a generation of freethinkers. A couple of centuries later came the dawn of the Enlightenment, or the Age of Reason.
Using Marxist dialectical analysis on this period of history, feudal Europe under the Catholic Church was the thesis. It was ridden with contradictions within i. its undemocratic and very oppressive rule on the majority that resulted into crises. The anti-thesis was growing power of the merchants that eventually challenged the church and the nobility.
Feudalism, a backward system compared to the rising capitalism became futile in the face of technological advances favoring the bourgeoisie, essay on marxism. Its armed hostility to science and reason during the Inquisition would eventually backfire in the irony of history. Spain may had all the gold plundered from her colonies, but England had the Industrial Revolution. In military warfare, the Spanish galleons were no match to the English steam-powered battleships.
French feudalism embodied in the absolute monarchy of Louis XIV was ignorant of its coming downfall. Louis XVI paid the price, literally, with his head when it was negated by essay on marxism guillotine.
With its economic power, the revolutionary bourgeoisie eventually became the political masters of the situation, essay on marxism, issuing the historical Declaration of the Rights of Man.
The modern institution of democracy had sown the seeds of socialism inside the womb of capitalism. Marxism was only possible when the political, philosophical, and economic ground in Europe became favorable now to the bourgeoisie. It took the politics of the French socialists but rejected their utopianism.
It applied the dialectics of Hegel in analyzing the changing society but without his idealism and mysticism. His thorough research about capitalism in the London library during his exile made it possible to complete the book, Das Kapitalan in depth dialectical analysis on capitalism. Marx saw capitalism as the most dynamic system throughout history.
It has dominated the world within just three centuries. The endless drive for profit constantly revolutionizes technology. Capitalism has created vast wealth but also enormous poverty, a kind of crisis very peculiar from the rest of the crises in history. Too many cars on sale, essay on marxism, but too many who can not afford to buy them. Too essay on marxism food stuffs in the grocery and the marketplace, letting the unsold goods to rot, while there are too many hungry and malnourished people.
Capitalism, that has created vast inequality and modern social conflicts, will never be exempted from the laws of Hegelian dialectics. Because the corporate system is alive and dynamic, it is subject to contradictions. And contradictions lead to revolutionary situations.
Optimistically, Marx already saw its agents of negation. He advocated for the workers of the world to unite, to redistribute the wealth that they have created in the first place, and create a more humane system based on human need not corporate greed.
Once the working class achieve complete victory over capital, humanity will then reach the end of history. His revolutionary ideas written years ago still remains relevant today more than ever to fight for a just society.
In one way or another, all official and liberal science defends wage-slavery, whereas Marxism has declared relentless war on that slavery. But this is not all. On the contrary, the genius of Marx consists precisely in his having furnished answers to questions already raised by the foremost minds of mankind.
The Marxist doctrine is omnipotent because it is true. It is comprehensive and harmonious, and provides men with an integral world outlook irreconcilable with any form of superstition, reaction, or defence of bourgeois oppression. It is the legitimate essay on marxism to the best that man produced in the nineteenth century, as represented by German philosophy, English political economy and French socialism.
It is these three sources of Marxism, which are also its component parts that we shall outline in brief. I The philosophy of Marxism is materialism. Throughout the modern history of Europe, and especially at the end of the eighteenth century in France, where a resolute struggle was conducted against every kind of medieval rubbish, against serfdom in institutions and ideas, materialism has proved to be the only philosophy that is consistent, true to all the teachings of natural science and hostile to superstition, essay on marxism, cant and so forth.
Marx and Engels defended philosophical materialism in the most determined manner and repeatedly explained how profoundly erroneous is every deviation from this basis. Their views are most clearly and fully expounded in the works of Engels, Ludwig Feuerbach and Anti- Dühring, which, like the Communist Manifesto, are handbooks for every class-conscious worker. The main achievement was dialectics, i.
Marx deepened and developed philosophical materialism to the full, and extended the cognition of nature to include the cognition of human society. His historical materialism was a great achievement in scientific thinking. The chaos and arbitrariness that had previously reigned in views on history and politics were replaced by a strikingly integral and harmonious scientific theory, which shows how, in consequence of the growth of productive forces, out of one system of social life another and higher system develops—how capitalism, for instance, grows out of feudalism.
Political institutions are a superstructure on the economic foundation. We see, for example, that the various political forms of the modern European states serve to strengthen the domination of the bourgeoisie over the proletariat. II Having recognized that the economic system is the foundation on which the political superstructure is erected, Marx devoted his greatest attention to the study of this economic system. Classical political economy, before Marx, evolved in England, the most developed of the capitalist countries, essay on marxism.
Adam Smith and David Ricardo, by their investigations of the economic system, laid the foundations of the labour theory of value. He showed that the value of every commodity is determined by the quantity of socially necessary labour time spent on its production, essay on marxism.
Where the bourgeois economists saw a relation between things the exchange of one essay on marxism for another Marx revealed a relation between people, essay on marxism. The exchange of commodities expresses the connection between individual producers through the market.
Marxist Criticism on 'The Lottery' by Shirley Jackson - Free Essay Sample
, time: 3:48A Marxist Criticism Free Essay Example
· A Marxist Criticism. Through experience, a person gains a broader understanding of what life is like. Children might believe that they possess a wealth of knowledge however new lessons, even if valiantly withstood, are soaked up to produce a new way of taking a look at things. Toni Cade Bambara’s “The Lesson” deals with social inequality, a concept which Miss Moore attempts to introduce to her Estimated Reading Time: 7 mins Marxists argue that the proletariat are persuaded to accept this situation through a combination of coercion and ideology (the latter causing false class consciousness). Marx was a communist and believed that the proletariat should have a revolution and overthrow capitalism. While most Marxists share that view, some (particular neo-Marxists) share the critique of capitalism and the analysis of Marxism Marxist criticism is inherently existentialist. One cannot know anything without having been exposed to it as some sort of life experience. There is no knowledge a priori, as some of the ancient philosophers would have us believe. Rather, knowledge is accumulated a posteriori, through actual experience
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